A Brief Note On Fighting Against Childhood Obesity

Shayne Steffen Mrs.Gordon Language Arts 5 2, March 2016 NCOF: Fighting Against Childhood Obesity In 2006, about 15% of all children and teens, ages 6-19, were obese (Eberstadt 45). How do you maintain a healthy weight? A healthy weight is reached by balancing the number of calories you eat with the number of calories you use. Weight gain occurs when the number of calories you eat is greater than the number of calories you use (Beliefnet 1). The National Childhood Obesity Foundation (NCOF), is working to eliminate childhood obesity by promoting physical activity and proper nutrition through mascots, holding events such as walks for education, and research, and teaching with a program called THINK. The definition provided by†¦show more content†¦Is there a relationship between time, money, and food? The first KFC opened in 1930 (KFC ® - So Good. 1). Burger King and Taco Bell opened in 1954 (BURGER KING ® About Us 1, The Quesalupa Is Here.† 1). McDonalds opened in 1955 and lastly, Wendy’s opened in 1969 (â€Å"Our History. 1, The Wendy s Story. 1). In 1 970, the GDP in the United State was 4,707.10 which is roughly 3,000 more dollars than in 1930 (GDP-Real (Adjusted) United States 1). Parents’ would most likely work endless hours to get the money to feed their children. They get home late and do not have anything left to cook and their children are starving. So they take a trip over to the nearest McDonalds or Wendy’s and pick up a 50 cent burger. Fast food was cheaper and easier to access than buying and cooking a healthy meal. That is how it worked then and that is still how it works today. From 1990-2013, the obese infant/young children increased from 32 million to 42 million. If current trends hold, approximately 70 million children will be obese by the year 2025. (See figure one) Over 10 years, the obesity rate in Africa rose from 4-9 million (If Current Trends Hold 1). Due to the fact that fast food is easy to access, we tend to go towards that food. With many children obese, sports are harder to play which can bring down their participation grades. Schools can try to have a healthier choices but still provide burgers, fries, pizza, and other unhealthy options children would choose over a salad filled

Information Governance The Center Of The Healthcare...

Information is the center of the healthcare industry. All healthcare organizations utilize information whether in written or oral form. Safe and accurate information are some of the keys to quality care. With the industry constantly changing and with several ways of accessing processed data, safeguarding patient information is top priority. Information governance (IG) seeks to improve how information is handled (Hutchinson Sharples, 2006). IG includes the protection of data, personal health records (PHR), electronic health records (EHR), and medical information exchanged via telemedicine. Breaches of personal information have been occurring more often and the time for information governance is indeed now. This paper will explain what information governance is, give examples of data breaches and how the particular organization was affected, and explain the importance of implementing information governance. Information Governance One of the most common issues in healthcare is the proper exchange, use, storage and disposal of information. Information exchange is what drives healthcare organizations. Whether in written or oral form, it is a way for organizations to communicate internally as well as externally. With technology constantly on the rise, information can easily be accessed in several different forms such as smartphones, tablets and social media. Healthcare organizations have also been implementing the use of electronic health records (EHR) which opensShow MoreRelatedA Survey On The Healthcare System Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Some believe the healthcare may be the most scrutinized industry out there today (Ashrafi, Kelleher Kuiboer, 2014). As the government continues to reform the U.S. healthcare system away from a fee for service to a value based model, many institutions are turning to business intelligence (BI) and analytics for assistance. 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World War 2 Free Essays

World War II ?Was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world’s nations, including all of the great powers: ? The Allies: France, Great Britain, USA, The Soviet Union and China. ?The Axis: Germany, Italy, and Japan. We are going to focus from 1944 to 1945, emphasizing the important role of England in the Normandy Battle. We will write a custom essay sample on World War 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Normandy Region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the English Channel coast of Northern France between Brittany and Picardy, and comprises territory in Northern France and the Channel Islands. The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between Nazi Germany and invading Allied Forces in Western Europe during the World War II, the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. A great invasion force stood off the Normandy coast of France as dawn broke, 9 battleships, 23 cruisers, 104 destroyers, and 71 large landing craft of various descriptions as well as troop transports, mine sweepers, and merchantmen, the largest armada ever assembled. The naval bombardment that began at 0550 that morning detonated large minefields along the shoreline and destroyed a number of the enemy’s defensive positions. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan http://www. youtube. com/results? search_query=the%20battle%20of%20%20normandysearch=Searchsa=Xoi=spellresnum=0spell=1 http://www. youtube. com/results? search_query=the%20battle%20of%20%20normandysearch=Searchsa=Xoi=spellresnum=0spell=1 Some important events in 1944 January 6, 1944 – Soviet troops advance into Poland. January 27, 1944 – Leningrad relieved after a 900-day siege. February 15-18 – Allies bomb the monastery at Monte Cassino. May 25, 1944 – Germans retreat from Anzio. June 5, 1944 – Allies enter Rome. June 6, 1944 – D-Day landings on the Northern coast of France. June 27, 1944 – U. S. troops liberate Cherbourg, France. July 3, 1944 – ‘Battle of the Hedgerows’ in Normandy; Soviets capture Minsk. August 31, 1944 – Soviet troops take Bucharest. September 1-4 – Verdun, Dieppe, Artois, Rouen, Abbeville, Antwerp and Brussels liberated by Allies. September 26, 1944 – Soviet troops occupy Estonia. October 2, 1944 – Warsaw Uprising ends as the Polish Home Army surrenders to the October 30, 1944 – Last use of gas chambers at Auschwitz. November 20, 1944 – French troops drive through the ‘Beffort Gap’ to reach the Rhine. November 24, 1944 – French capture Strasbourg. December 4, 1944 – Civil War in Greece; Athens placed under martial law. December 26, 1944 – Patton relieves Bastogne. December 27, 1944 – Soviet troops besiege Budapest. Some important events in 1945 January 1-17 – Germans withdraw from the Ardennes. January 16, 1945 – U. S. 1st and 3rd Armies link up after a month long separation during the Battle of the Bulge. January 26, 1945 – Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz. February 4-11 – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin meet at Yalta. February 13/14 – Dresden is destroyed by a firestorm after Allied bombing raids. March 6, 1945 – Last German offensive of the war begins to defend oil fields in Hungary. March 30, 1945 – Soviet troops capture Danzig. In April – Allies discover stolen Nazi art and wealth hidden in German salt mines. April 1, 1945 – U. S. troops encircle Germans in the Ruhr; Allied offensive in northern Italy. April 29, 1945 – U. S. 7th Army liberates Dachau. April 30, 1945 – Adolf Hitler commits suicide. May 9, 1945 – Hermann Goring is captured by members of the U. S. 7th Army. May 23, 1945 – SS-Reichsfuhrer Himmler commits suicide; German High Command and Provisional Government imprisoned. June 5, 1945 – Allies divide up Germany and Berlin and take over the government. June 26, 1945 – United Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco. July 1, 1945 – American, British, and French troops move into Berlin. July 26, 1945 – Atlee succeeds Churchill as British Prime Minister. August 6, 1945 – First atomic bomb dropped, on Hiroshima, Japan. August 14, 1945 – Japanese agree to unconditional surrender. September 2, 1945 – Japanese sign the surrender agreement; Â  V-J (Victory over Japan) Day. October 24, 1945 – United Nations is born. November 20, 1945 – Nuremberg war crimes trails begin. Resources http://www. historyplace. com/worldwar2/timeline/ww2time. htm#1944 9/2/11. How to cite World War 2, Essay examples World War 2 Free Essays Briana Rogers Mr. Carter Freshman Seminar H8 October 3, 2012 First Benedict Home Game Where I’m from we don’t have a football team or a marching band, which means there’s really no excitement for getting ready for the first game. The sports my high school was always prepared for was lacrosse and basketball. We will write a custom essay sample on World War 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Knowing that I was finally coming to a school with a football team made me even more excited to in college. Though, I had heard the rumors about the team never winning games it didn’t bring me down because I knew for sure that no matter what I was going to enjoy every moment of the game. Walking to the stadium with friends put me into that mood knowing that the night was going to be very eventful, whether we were to win or lose the game. Personally I was just ready to hear the band, cheer my team on, and have a blast. I wanted to support BC to the point I had the school colors and had my face painted. After so many years of always going with someone to their football and not my own school, this was finally the time for me to live it up. I stayed until half time to hear the band. I can honestly say that for it to be my first college football game I enjoyed myself with the group of people I was and would do it again, plus with our football team to win the game How to cite World War 2, Essays

Nursing Homes Are Best Place For Elderly †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Nursing Homes Are Best Place For Elderly? Answer: Introducation The question whether nursing homes are suitable for the elderly people is a contentious issue that has been a major focus by health workers and family members. A nursing home is a residential based care that offers nursing care to the elderly who do not necessarily require hospitalization but are in need of medical care and assistance. Nursing homes provide long-stay care for the elderly persons (Morley et al. 2014: 309). For this reason, the demand and dependency of care homes/nursing homes continue increasing steadily due to the increase in the population in need. Despite this fact, a majority of people argue that nursing homes are the best places for the aged persons while others maintain that the place in unsuitable, unfavorable and inefficient in meeting the health care needs of the elderly. In this case, therefore, this paper seeks to illuminate the reasons why nursing homes are the best place for the elderly. There has been significance dependency in the nursing care homes in the recent decades. Consequently, nursing care homes experience population pressure a factor that is largely contributed by earlier discharge from health care facilities (Rolland et al.2014:308). The nursing care home is a suitable alternative that has helped in accommodating the growing number of frail people. It has thus helped families ease the burden of caring for their old relatives and instead offer services that these people may not receive in their residents (Katz, 2011: 488). Some factors have also led to the increased desire for nursing home admission (Spector et al.2013: 675-677). Firstly, approximately, two-third of the persons admitted to the hospital are 65 and above thus the frequent admission from hospital to nursing care homes. Secondly, there is the decrease in the number of the older people seeking inpatient services. Moreover, there is the issue of early discharge and consequent admission the nursing care home. Thirdly is the inappropriate use of hospital by this category of people d ue to bed-locking thus the need for enrollment in care homes. Older people admission to hospitals is associated with patient's exacerbation of stress, illness, and anxiety. Therefore, nursing care homes play a major role in preventing hospitalization. Mainly, nursing care homes reduce the rate of hospital readmission for the elderly. While the above point underpins the importance of older people admission to nursing homes, there is also substantial evidence that services offered in the two different environments vary considerably (Katz, 2011: 490). In this case, the location of a nursing home is central in determining whether the patients access quality health care or not (Turrel, 2001: 27). For instance, as opposed to nursing homes, hospitals enjoy a lot of skills from clinical nurse specialists, specialist nurse practitioners, and link nurses. Additionally, there are also the development nurses that play the role of informing nursing practice (Cherry and Jacob, 2016:367). However, these skills may be inaccessible to nursing homes especially when the homes are located in very remote areas. According to Turrel (2001:25), nursing homes provide better physical environment compared to the geriatric hospital wards. The former favorably cater for the patient's personal choices. Nevertheless, the aspect of the physical environment for both aspects may differ from one state to the other. For instance, the Royal Commission of United Kingdom noted that although the nursing care homes facilities and amenities did not meet the national standard, there was a notable improvement in the same (Turrel, 2001:25). Therefore, Turrel (2001:26) identifies the markers of quality nursing home care that include and not limited to; access to rehabilitation therapists and facilities, access to nursing care, access medical care, documentation and assessment of a patient, and prescription practice. On the contrary, older people that reside in nursing care homes suffer from numerous conditions that may be poorly managed. Conditions such as dementia, incontinence, diabetes, and other cognitive impairments require particular expertise for effective management (Morley et al. 2014: 309). Despite the notion that the availability of such specialists in nursing care homes could prevent hospitalization by a larger percentage, the number is inadequate (Graverholt, Forsetlund, and Jamtvedt, 2014:36). In other words, the specialists are not always available in such environments. Additionally, as earlier mentioned, nursing care homes continue to encounter large numbers elderly admissions. However, the number of the patients versus the health care givers does not match thereby leading to poor quality of health care (Tolson et al. 2011:186). There is, therefore, the need to ensure that there is proper staffing if there is the need to improve the condition of the health care homes. The major p roblem that encompasses the issue of skills is that the nursing home based nurses provide a 24-hour on-site nursing care. However, the number of nurses employed in such facilities is determined by the registering authority when the home is empty and depends on the number of beds (Grabowski et al.2014: 39). In this case, therefore, it is difficult to enroll more nurses even as the level of dependency in the nursing care homes increases. The rationale is that there is the problem of enforcing the changes that may facilitate the increase of the number of the trained nursing staff. In conclusion, nursing care homes are better alternatives for the elderly. However, one cannot dismiss the fact that there is the need to enhance the conditions of the homes' facilities and amenities to ensure that the services are effective. Similarly, there is the need to ensure that the environment is equipped with specialized nursing skills to cater for diverse health, psychological, physical and other needs of the patients. Additionally, the improvement of services and staffs in the nursing care homes is a critical approach that seeks to balance the pressure of the increased homes' admissions. Essentially, nursing care homes significantly reduce the rate of elderly admission and readmissions in hospitals. The outcome can be considered to be positive in that the elderly patients are entitled to some freedom (that includes movement and unlimited association with family members, relatives and friends). Hence, this helps reduce such factors as depression, anxiety, stress or loneline ss that in most cases lead to health deterioration. It is thus evident that nursing homes are the most suitable places for the older people so long as proper improvements in the facilities are implemented. References Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., (2016). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Grabowski, D.C., OMalley, A.J., Afendulis, C.C., Caudry, D.J., Elliot, A. and Zimmerman, S., (2014). Culture change and nursing home quality of care. The Gerontologist, 54(Suppl_1), pp.S35-S45. Graverholt, B., Forsetlund, L. and Jamtvedt, G., (2014). Reducing hospital admissions from nursing homes: a systematic review. BMC health services research, 14(1), p.36. Katz, P.R., (2011). An international perspective on long term care: focus on nursing homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(7), pp.487-492. Morley, J.E., Caplan, G., Cesari, M., Dong, B., Flaherty, J.H., Grossberg, G.T., Holmerova, I., Katz, P.R., Koopmans, R., Little, M.O. and Martin, F., (2014). International survey of nursing home research priorities. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(5), pp.309-312. Rolland, Y., Tolson, D., Morley, J.E. and Vellas, B., (2014). The International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) nursing home initiative. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(5), pp.307-308. Spector, W.D., Limcangco, R., Williams, C., Rhodes, W. and Hurd, D., (2013). Potentially avoidable hospitalizations for elderly long-stay residents in nursing homes. Medical care, 51(8), pp.673-681. Tolson, D., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Aquino, J.P., Beard, J., Benetos, A., Berrut, G., Coll-Planas, L., Dong, B., Forette, F. and Franco, A., (2011). International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics: A global agenda for clinical research and quality of care in nursing homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(3), pp.184-189. Turrell, A. (2001). Nursing homes: a suitable alternative to hospital care for older people in the UK?. Age and Ageing, 30(suppl_3), 24-32.

Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essays

Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essays Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essay Analysis of GTA San Andreas advertisment Essay In the main image, we see a black man with a short buzz-cut, late 90s style hair. His eyes tell us that he is mean and that he could kill someone if he has to because he looks like he is full of hate. He has a short moustache and a goatee which gives him a ghetto look. His mouth is open slightly with his teeth together which shows he is ready for a fight and may be angry. He has tattoos on his chest, neck and arm depicting that he is very strong. The character is also wearing a white vest with brown baggy trousers. The vest shows us that he wants to show off the size of his muscles to make himself look stronger so that people dont start fights with and they become scared. In his right hand he is holding a modern pistol which would have been cheap and commonly used. He is wearing black trainers and they look quite big and are probably to make us think he is bigger than he actually is and to make him look stronger and scarier which is what he wants us to think. He is looking as if he is sitting on an orange car and he is just about to get up and start walking. The car itself looks mid-to-late nineties, probably in the USA because these are the sort of cars they drove in certain cities. There are four lights at the front, which are all round, and between the lights there is a large radiator grill which makes the car look bigger. The car is probably a convertible with a large boot at the back. The man has one foot on the bumper, one on the floor and he has one hand on the hood of the car as if he is about to get up and start walking towards a fight, in this case towards the camera. The look on his face and the way he is holding the gun makes it look like he is ready to begin a fight and he is confident. Also in the background there are light green blocks with the shadow of a city and some skyscrapers connoting that the game would be set in a large city. Below this main image, there are four smaller screen shots of the game and what happens. The first of these two pictures show two black men, probably friends, riding a yellow motorbike together. They are riding it along the railway tracks showing they are rebellious and there is a train coming behind them and this shows that they are solid and nothing can scare them so they ride a motor bike in front of a train, and pull off some spectacular stunts and make themselves look good. There is also another train passing them showing it is a busy rail line so it is a big dare to ride along it. Next to this image, is another one, but this time showing the same person as in the main picture, but is walking along a street with a white Cadillac parking diagonally across the street as if he had to get ot in a hurry. In the background of this picture, there is a building which looks like a casino with powerful neon lights glaring across the whole city. This connotes it is in a big city, possibly like Las Vegas. In the next picture it is the same person but this time he is running along an alleyway with a police helicopter in the sky and a sub-machinegun in his hand. There is a blue sky telling us that hit is daytime but he is wearing a big black coat and grey trousers so it may be winter. There is a power line going from one building to another showing us that it is urban but there are trees in the background which contradicts the fact that it may be urban, so it may just be a park in the city or a housing block in a rural area. The last picture is showing an orange sunset int eh background with tall trees in the foreground hinting at a rural area and there is a red pickup truck, or 4X4 to the side of the screen. This tells us that in the game the day changes to night and there are several stages between. These pictures tell what is possible in the game. The player can ride motorbikes, drive cars and use weapons, etc. These five images attract the reader because stereotypically men wan to be big and tough and in the game you can do things that you would not do in the real world and most people want to be a rebel at some point. The main picture shows a black man who looks in his twenties who probably has a substantial amount of money, He is probably heterosexual and it is a stereotype as he is twice shown carrying a gun. Below all the rest of this at the bottom of the page there are some logos. The first is a blue Rockstar logo and Rockstar is the producer of the game and is the institution that has put all the money behind it. Then there are the Playstation and Playstation 2 logos and these tell us what console the games are available on. The next is the Interscope Records logo and Interscope is a music company who do urban music and they have probably provided the sound track to the game. The there is the BBFC-18 logo showing us the game is for people aged 18 or over and no one below this age should be able to buy or play it. But however, boys over 13 may wan to play this game because it appeals to them and makes them feel rebellious and cool because they are under 18 and playing on an 18 game. To the right of this there is a yellow Rockstar logo, again symbolising the production company and institution. Starting from the top of the page we see some text saying Rockstar Games Presents. Rockstar obviously want people to recognise that the same people have made all of the other GTA games. If we go down the page slightly we see Grand Theft Auto San Andreas written in two different fonts. The Grand Theft Auto is written in one font similar to that of the previous GTA games which is brand identity. San Andreas is written in a different font in the style of how gangsters had words tattooed on their bodies at that time. Further down the page we have written in a smaller font A Rockstar North Production. This again tells us about Rockstar that they want us to know that they have made it. Then it says in a much bigger font Out Now which makes us really notice it because it is written in white on a black background and it is really big. When we see this it makes us think that we can go to the shop and buy it therefore giving the company more money. Then below the four screen shots it has a web site: www.rockstargames.com/sanandreas. This tells u that we can go to this website to find out more information about this game if we really want to. Below this is some text saying that there is a soundtrack available on Interscope records. This is telling us that if we bought the game and we like the music we could go to a music shop or the Interscope Records website and buy it there. Rights at the bottom of the page there is the legal statement with the copyright statement to the logos and names of the companies involved. This must be shown otherwise people can get away with using their logos. Show preview only

Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson

Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson Introduction Authored by Steven Erickson, Death of a Salesman is a captivating must-read chef-d’oeuvre set in New York and Boston in 1948 staring Willy Loman (David Ryan) and Howard Wagner (Isaac Wood). The arena of the theatre is quite recommendable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Erickson’s choice of using the house with well-positioned and packed apartments was the best to depict the characters as a family that was going through the normal vicissitudes of life. The two amongst other characters share the hallucination that they can achieve the American dream. Willy Loman is an old salesperson who has been largely unsuccessful in his ventures and who has come to the realization that he should not be driving. He returns home from a business trip. Linda his companion advises him to ignore his current occupation as a sales clerk. She proposes to him that he meets his manger to inquire for an opportunity to work in the office. According to her, her husband has to get the job based on his status as a man whom people like. In a sad note, the masterwork ends with tragic demise of Willy. As the piece ends, Linda is in tears following her tragic parting with her beloved husband. In my opinion, the production has been coherent in the sequence of events in the play. The audience cannot miss out that Willy Loman as a frustrated sales clerk is on the verge of committing suicide. The author brought it out clearly to the point when Willy could no longer handle his frustrations. Discussion of Actors playing the Characters in the Play David Ryan acting as Willy Loman is the protagonist and a devoted salesperson. He is a family person with two sons Biff and Happy with Biff having returned home from working in a farm in the West. He believes that Biff can end up being a worth emulating character if at all he can seize and util ize his God-given talent to do what he has some passion for in order to be wealthy and a useful resource in the family. Willy starts to have flashbacks and talking to imaginary people as if in a real conversation with them complaining that Biff and Happy need to wake up and focus on anything that worries them having never witnessed their father in such a state. His whole life shows a lot of potential. However, he portrays himself as having a high degree of self-deception and misguided life goals. According to him, the key reason of living is to gain people’s attraction and possessions. He stands out as a very disillusioned person who has always been consoling himself and his people that things will be better one day. Throughout the play, he appears as a firm believer of the American dream.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although he has never succeeded in any of his attempts in life, he still holds to the myth that any appealing person such as him can achieve his ambitions in life. Finally, this break between his ambitions in life and authenticity of things induces much pressure on him to the extent of tampering with his psychological wellbeing where he recounts his experiences. However, he cannot take anything positive and helpful from such encounters to mould his future. He invests his entire hope in his sons. Worse, life continues to haunt him since his doomed character and unrealized ambitions seem to follow Biff and Happy. Cassidy Moore who plays as Linda Loman comes out as a naive woman as she does not seem to be aware of her husband’s affairs right from his finances to job as his mistress. She stands out as a loyal woman based on how she defends her husbands behavior even when he has attacked her. She remains stanch to him despite the much misbehavior by her beloved partner especially in the part where he engages in extra mari tal affairs with The Woman who plays as Caitlyn Walsh at a tender age, and ultimately killing himself with the misguided conviction that he will find the underlying cause of the family’s tribulations. She has been depicted as the moral center of the play due to her occasionally stern stand. She is not frightened to deal with her children about how they are being mishandled by their father. Her honesty stands out when Willy begins to talk to himself so loudly in the middle of the night to the level of waking up everyone where Linda confesses to her sons that the two are struggling financially and that their father had become suicidal. An argument erupts with Linda accusing Biff as being the source of her husband’s unhappiness. Olexiy Kryvich, as Biff, appears as a lazy character who puts less effort in studies and ends up failing in math. However, he is also loving and caring as he is concerned about his father’s welfare. He wants to achieve in life so that his f ather can regain happiness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, his strength of mind is evident when he realizes the need to reside abode and toil on his association with his father besides taking the chance to converse with an ex- worker, Bill Oliver, requesting him to provide him with some credit to establish a company. He emulates Willy’s personality of a candid person who yearns to attain the American dream from which his father disastrously leaves. Dakotah Myers who stands as Happy shows some sense of self-importance, ambition, and wild societal expectations by believing in the American dream. Additionally, he is uncouth based on her unprincipled sexual interactions with women of his managers. He epitomes the most horrible elements of Willy’s temperament because of the weight he allocates on pressing on and in his willi ngness to fool himself. He has no value attached to women as they are all sexual vessels to him while those whom he has ever abused being useless and valueless to him. He stands out as a difficult character who will never support other characters’ discussions. In fact, when Willy comes in to quarrel with Biff, he (Happy) comes in arguing that Biff has to meet Oliver to chat about the credit arrangement. Everyone goes to bed expecting to make dreams happen the next day as Willy was also expecting to get the local job. Eric Lewis Johnson, as Charley, stands out as the vote of basis and expedience in Willy’s world of fantasy and mystification. He is straightforward, aloof, meek, modest, and a worth emulating figure. He shows some level of self-confidence. Unlike Willy, he fits himself within the shoes of other people such that none of those he encounters will view him as strange. Charley is also charitable and accommodating since he updates Willy on his persisting predica ment as well as providing him with financial support and working opportunity. Nate Polzin, as Uncle Ben, is Willys older brother who is adventurous and lucky in his business ventures. Being lifeless, he only comes on the stage as Willys thoughts about the earlier periods. He depicts the incarnation of the most conventional feature of the American dream and the misguided credence that a man can reach the wasteland by himself and return affluent.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bernard who acts as Cameron Thorp is Charleys only son. He is gifted and conscientious though he lacks the extroverted qualities of any of Loman’s children. This lack of his sociable nature makes Willy believe that he will never be a true success in the business world. However, he proves to be far more successful relative to Willy’s imaginations. He has qualified as a legal representative to present a legal proceeding before the highest courtyard. Isaac Wood who plays as Howard Wagner is Willy’s boss is an extremely silent but egotistical who inherits his triumph without structuring any valuable decision by himself. The personal association between Willy and his father does not sway him. He does not factor the connection he has with Willy when he announces to him that he cannot get any chance to work in the office as he had requested. Largely, he portrays himself as unsympathetic. In fact, despite Willy’s bad state of affairs, he still fires him. Caitlyn Wash acting as The Woman is Willy’s mistress in Boston. She stands out as manipulative based on how she decides to have Willy has her partner only to misuse him for her personal gains. Lastly, Kristen Carter acting as Jenny is Charley’s secretary. Jordan Stafford, as Stanley, is a waiter at Frank’s Chop House. He is friendly and helpful as he sympathizes with Willy’s plight by taking him home from the restaurant where his sons left him. Lexee Longwell, as Miss Forsythe, is a call girl whom Biff and Happy met at Frank’s Chop House while Tillie Dorgan, as Letta, is a friend to Miss Forsythe Discussion of Design Elements Setting The play is set in the east coast America at the twentieth industrial society that was characterized by financial difficulties and the pressure for success. The pressure is evident following scarcity of jobs and resources to sustain lives of people-a case that leaves other mad. In fact, Willy meets Howard in need of a job. How ever, contrary to his expectations, he does not get it. Rather, he is fired. Troubled by the news, he starts to hallucinate by dialoguing with unseen creatures as he sets off to congregate his two kids at the hotel. As they wait for their dad at the restaurant, Biff tells Happy that Oliver did not see him because he could not recognize him. It finally dawns on Biff that he was mistaken to think he was going to ever get a loan and that his family had false hopes in their whole lives. Again, financial pressure is evident when Willy shows up at the restaurant where Biff is hard pressed to explain to his dad that he did not get the loan without disappointing him. Upon delivery of the disheartening news by Biff, Willy cannot manage the distress. In fact, he can now think about his past accounts such as the time when Biff realized he was having some extramarital affairs with another woman. At this moment, Biff and Happy leave him, as he comprehends the reality. Therefore, she setting show s clearly that America, being the land of opportunity, also has a fair share of challenges as Willy discovers and that it is unable to achieve all its ambitions. However, the staging of the play does not show the socio-economic environment where Willy tries to achieve his dream. Rather, it sticks to his search for his dream only with no detailed reminders of place and time. Music Music manages to set the mood of the play. The melody heard at the opening of the stage can be associated with nostalgia. It connects with Willy’s imagination of the happier life in the past when he had a promise of better things to come in the future. As the act is about to end, there is a calm sound of a flute, which can be viewed as a depiction of Willy’s delusional-blinded assurance in the American reverie. In fact, he remains on the stage alone and distressed following Biff and Happy’s decision to go back home from their outing where their mother quarrels them about leaving their d ad at the restaurant. Lighting Erickson has strategically used light to deliver certain messages to his audience. For instance, the illumination mainly adjacent to the apartments, which can be defined as dim orange, is a clear indication of the sorrow that people have after they have strived hard but never realizing their ambitions in life. In fact, Biff is an epitome of such people who have completely lost hope of their days to come. In other words, their future life is dim. Willy’s situation also matches with the intensity of light. An argument ensues in his family where nobody wants to bring any constructive contribution concerning his pathetic state just as the light manifests. Biff manages to state to the members that he cannot match his dad’s unrealistic expectations since he has failed in life. He even tells his family that it has been living trying to achieve unrealistic dreams symbolized by the dimmed light. Moreover, illumination has also been employed as a s trategy to indicate ambiance and the frame of mind of the characters. When Willy is thinking of his past memories, lighting covers the stage to create a seemingly joyful atmosphere. In fact, a working illustration of the use of lighting is evident following the way Erickson illuminates scenes in the hotel when sorrow dominates it. The use of light again has been used throughout the play to show the unwelcoming environment and situations of the characters who are living in a time when nobody has a reason to smile following the many crises ranging from financial, relationship, family, and even psychological imbalances. It has also been employed as a way of telling the exact position of the happening of any act in the masterpiece. For instance, when Willy begins his hallucinations, Erickson utilizes a unique light to show some variations of his state of mind and time when such scenarios are happening to Willy. A working illustration by Erickson is evident when Willy is meditating about his encounter with The Woman as Linda waits in one of the house apartments and specifically the kitchen. Viewers are not left to question about her absence since the illumination strategy is enough to tell them that whatever is taking place does so when Linda is elsewhere in the house. Sound Sound in the play is used to show the tragedy of Loman’s family by setting the stage at the beginning only to end with Willy Loman regretting his life. It stands out as a crucial element to denote Loman’s historical times when he could boast of joy and hope before things turned worse on his side. In addition, Ben’s key music is indicative of him being the figure that Willy adored as a source of his hope in life. Sound has also been employed to enhance appreciation of the characters and the scenarios in the work thus preparing the minds of the viewers of the tone of the happenings of things in the work as evidenced by Ben’s scenario to indicate feeling. Conclusion In my opinion, the director to some extent does not capture the audience with suspense mostly because even the title of the play gives away everything about the play although the audience is left anticipating witnessing how the death of the protagonist will occur. One can also learn very early in the play that Willy Loman, the main character in the play, has failed in his professional life and that he is suicidal thus making the audience predict that he is destined to kill himself even before he does it. He spoils the play by killing himself at the end of it well before the conclusion although his decision to kill himself for the $20,000 insurance money comes as no surprise since the event is out rightly foreshadowed throughout much of the dialogue. However, the director has been effective in the sense that Willy Loman, unlike other characters in the play who seem not to offer much, delivers most of the themes through his complicated tangle of regrets and undying hopes, which make the play effective in delivering its message to the audience.

Eurasian Energy Politics and Security Research Paper

Eurasian Energy Politics and Security - Research Paper Example The existing projects and pipelines between Russia and the EU, including the issues in these projects shall be discussed. Alternatives to Russia, especially South Caucasus and Central Asia will also be considered. The proposed pipelines, Nabucco, Transcaspian pipeline, and BP’s new project for natural gas shall be included in this discussion. Finally, China’s entrance to Eurasian energy politics shall also be considered under this discussion. This paper is being discussed in order to conceptualize a clear understanding of energy politics, including its significant points of interest which now impact on the current relations between Eurasian nations. States in the Caspian and Central Asian region have proven oil reserves numbering about 38 billion barrels and this does not include possibly undiscovered barrels of crude oil in the region (Cohen and DeCarlo-Souza, p. 5). Kazakhstan is considered to be the largest oil producer in the region with onshore fields in the northern Caspian Sea and other regions. Turkmenistan is the largest natural gas producer in the Caspian region and is serving the energy needs of the region well. Since the Caspian oil reserves were discovered, most energy exports from the Caspian and Central Asia came from the Caspian and Central Asia came from the Russian Empire, supplying consumers in Europe and Soviet Union (Cohen and DeCarlo-Souza, p. 5). Significant exports from the Caspian started with the establishment of the 1997 100,000 Baku-Novorossiysk pipelines transporting oil to Georgia’s Black Sea Coast (Cohen and DeCarlo-Souza, p. 5). In 2001, Kazakhstan started pumping oil from its Tengiz oil fi eld into Novorossiysk via the Caspian Pipeline Consortium or the CPC. The CPC is shared by various oil companies from different countries. Russia lost its control of the Caspian oil exports in 2005 when the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline was opened (Cohen and DeCarlo-Souza, p. 5).  

Applying theories to learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Applying theories to learning - Essay Example This paper explores the relevance and impact of learning theories, especially in relation to my personal practice within a secondary school. In addition, the paper seeks to attain insights into the harmonies and conflicts that may prevail within the current educational discourse. In a special way, the paper explores diverse ways in which instructors model their teaching styles and strategies in order to match the learners’ needs and preferences. Theory and Practice of Teaching and Learning Learning theories and models are diverse and encompass behaviourist, cognitivist and constructivist, social, situational, motivational and humanist. Behaviourist perspectives hold three assumptions. To start with, they focus on observable behaviour rather than internal cognitive processes. Secondly, learning and behaviour are critically influenced by the environment. Thirdly, the principles of contiguity and reinforcement are principal to the explanation of the learning process. This approac h has inspired educational practices such as systematic design of instruction, behavioural and performance perspectives, programmed instruction, and instructor accountability. Cognitive orientation to learning, on the other hand, address processes that occur inside the brain and nervous system as a person learns. This approach shares the assertion that people actively process information, and that learning takes place via the efforts of the learner (Leonard 2002, p.5). Cognitive approach encompasses mental processes comprising of inputting, organizing, storing, retrieving and constructing links between information. Humanist orientation to learning emphasizes the potential for individual growth within the learner. Humanists introduce affective functioning of a person into the arena of learning. Humanists favour the notion that human beings can control their own destiny. In addition, they hold that humans are intrinsically enjoyable and desire a better world for themselves and others. Thus, any behaviour is a consequence of a person’s choice and that people are active agents in learning (Phillips & Soltis 2004, p.3). Social approach to learning highlights the interactions between people and views them as the central mechanism of learning. According to this approach, learning is grounded in observation of others within the social setting. The educational concepts that arise from this approach include motivational strategies, locus of control, social role acquisition, and the efficacy of interaction of learner with the environment and the other learners (Sullo 2007, p.4). Constructivist approach to learning perceives the learning process as involving construction of meaning from experience. According to this approach, the locus of learning lies in internal construction of reality by an individual. Learning Styles and Strategies Learning styles can be regarded as cognitive, affective, and psychological behaviours that are comparatively stable signs of how le arners perceive, interact with, and react to the learning environment. The physical domain of learning style incorporate visual, auditory and motor styles while cognitive domain spotlights concrete, abstract, sequential, and random styles (Hawk & Shah 2007, p.5). Affective domain, on the other hand, encompasses external and internal physiological and psychological factors that influence how people feel. The Index of Learning Styles (ILS) proposes four

History of the Olympic Games Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

History of the Olympic Games - Term Paper Example The Olympics was later revived by Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France in 1894 with the formation of the International Olympic committee (IOC) which is the governing body until now. Since then, the events are held every four years during summer and winter. This paper will outline the history of Olympic Games from inception to date highlighting the major changes the games have undergone. These began in ancient Greece 3000 years ago. However, it is not known when the games actually began as some date back to 776 B.C while others indicate earlier or later dates. From 8th century B.C to 4th century A.D, the games were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during religious festivals at the Olympia in honor of Greek god Zeus (Crowther 45-46). The Olympia was situated in West coast of Peloponnese or what was referred as the Island of â€Å"Pelops’ who was the founder of Olympic Games. According to Olympic.org (nap), it was a meeting place for worship, political and religious practices as early as 10th century B.C. At the central part of the Olympia lay the temple of Zeus hence most events were held during religious festivals of cult of Zeus. The games were entrenched in the aristocratic ideals of â€Å"the beautiful and the good† which included spiritual and moral excellence, harmony, skill, balance and grace (Crowther 58). These ideals ar e still embraced by IOC today. The games were held every four years between city-states and kingdoms and involved a period of Olympic peace during which safe passage across the Mediterranean was allowed for 3 months before and after the games. Noticeable is the fact that only men were allowed to participate in the games and married women were not allowed to be spectators. According to Crowther â€Å"the men were to be male, of Greek city-state and tribe, free born, have legitimate

Womens Reproductive Health: Human Rights

Womens Reproductive Health: Human Rights Womens rights to reproductive and sexual health are fundamental to womens health in the United States and abroad. Efforts concerning womens rights to reproductive health have been essential in expanding womens human rights. Adoption of a health and human rights framework encourages logical applications about the correlation between womens health and human rights, social justice, and respect for human dignity. Hindrance to reproductive health rights is political, legal, social, and financial in nature (Gruskin 1737). The purpose of this paper is to detail the significance of human rights associated with womens reproductive health rights in the United States and the public health implications of these rights. This paper investigates health and human rights, as it relates to a womans reproductive health in the United States, including the right to autonomy; the right to health care and information; and the right to equity in the distribution of health service resources, availability, and accessibility. The association of these rights to womens reproductive health in the United States has significant public health implications, discussed below. Historical and Modern Application of Modern Human Rights Development after WWII Human Rights Human rights are standards that defend all humans from serious legal, political, and social abuses (Mann et al. 9). Historical and modern applications of modern human rights development after World War II include, the World Health Organizations (WHO) Constitution in 1946, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, and The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 1966. Each of these doctrines spelled out the premise that all humans are equal and free with rights, including the right to health. The right to health was first expressed in the World Health Organizations Constitution (1946). The World Health Organization declared in the Constitution that the fulfillment of the utmost achievable paradigm of health is one of the essential privileges of every person (Mann et al. 9; Ross 55; Robinson par. 8). Conversely, the right to health continues to be neglected in many parts of the world. This neglect, while not as grossly, is extended to the United States. The United States has abstained from passing this and other international agreements. In reality, the United States has not ratified a single treaty that acknowledges an entitlement to health for its citizens. The United States lack of ratifications of these treaties is challenging and will be elucidated later in this discussion. Human rights were also expressed by the United Nations in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was implemented as a reaction to the Nazi holocaust and set a benchmark by which the human rights actions of all countries should be defined. The UDHR commences by setting forth the fundamental principle that all people are born uninhibited and equivalent in distinction and rights (Mann et al. 10). Also, it prohibits any division in the fulfillment of human rights on the grounds as race, color, sex, language, religion, political, national origin, birth status. In addition, the UDHR clearly spells out the rights to security, life, and liberty, as well as the entitlement to be liberated from slavery, servitude, torture or cruel conduct or retribution (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 90-91; Ross 55-56). The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) further expanded on the issue of human rights by specifying socio-economic rights. These rights include, but are not inhibited to, the right to education, shelter, health, water and food, employment, social security, a healthy environment, and the right to advancement (International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights articles 10-12). The treaty exemplifies processes to be implemented by States parties to accomplish: maternal, child and reproductive health; healthy natural and workplace environments; prevention, treatment and control of disease; health facilities, goods and services. This treaty also states that all socio-economic rights must be declared without inequity (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 153) The right to health is also acknowledged in various other documents world-wide including: 1961 European Social Charter, 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata, 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, 1988 Additional Protocol to the American Convention on HRs in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. Womens Human Rights Womens human rights are the freedoms and benefits given to women and girls. Womens human rights are categorized collectively and distinguished from comprehensive philosophies of human rights because they frequently vary from the self-determinations essentially held by men and boys. Themes regularly connected with the concepts of womens rights include, but are not restricted to, the right: to physical integrity and autonomy; to education; and to have marital, parental and religious rights. In 1979, The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the United Nations. CEDAW affirms women equal rights with men in all realms of life, including education, employment, healthcare, nationality, and marriage (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 198-203; Ross 1-3). In 1995, The Fourth World Conference on Women: Action for Equality, Development and Peace, also popularly known as the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, was held in Beijing, China. The conference raised global knowledge of human rights, the inequalities and inequities between men and women, and bestowed the required motivation for accentuating gender-based violence as a precedence issue for engagement by the global community (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 79). Human rights are being used to promote public health. Reproductive health rights become visible in the globally reputable structure of human rights through established rights to life, security, equal treatment, education, development, and to the maximum health standards. The rights include the privilege to emergency medical services and to the fundamental health determinants, such as sovereignty from discrimination, and adequate food, water, and sanitation (Gruskin and Loff 1880). The right to health is an essential human right that consists of free will and privileges (Hunt 1878). The freedoms consist of the right to contribute to apposite decisions about ones health, including those made about sexual and reproductive freedom (Germain, Reproductive Health and Human Rights 65). Human Rights and Public Health Standards in Regards to Womens Reproductive Rights The associations amid medicine, public health, and human rights are developing swiftly, in result of a multitude of actions, occurrence, and efforts. These are comprised of the ongoing efforts on various aspects of womens health. To understand the associations between human rights and public health, it is fundamental to evaluate the important essentials of modern public health. Medicine and public health are two corresponding and interrelated methods for health advancement and protection through physical, mental, and social security. However medicine and public health must be separated because they serve different purposes (Germain 65). The primary disparity involves the population importance of public health, which varies with the individual center of medical care. Public health recognizes and measures health risks to the populations, composes legislative policies in reaction to these risks, and develops certain services contributing to the promotion of health and disease prevention (Gruskin and Loff 1880). Medicine, on the other hand, concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of individuals. There is a strong association between public health and human rights. In the article Health and Human Rights, Jonathan Mann et al. describe a trinary outline of health and human rights and the impact and implications in health policies, human rights, and the connection between the two. Health practices, policies, and programs have an effect on human rights. Public health liabilities are accomplished in considerable evaluation through programs and policies distributed, employed and implemented with assistance from the state. Public health functions are appraising health concerns and inadequacies, cultivating policies intended to manage health issues of precedence, and ensuring agendas to employ planned health goals (Mann et al. 13-17). For example, compilation of information on population health problems may be gathered on particular significant health problems opposed to others. This consequently creates inequity and other human rights violations by neglecting to contribute suitable health services. Public health is concerned with the advancement and security of the health of populations. There is a correlation between socioeconomic circumstances and inadequate health on womens reproductive health and human rights. The themes of public health and human rights are each comprised of health promotion and clarifying standards for performance (Gruskin and Loff 1880). The health and human rights framework is applicable to population issues concerning womens reproductive health. Human rights violations, such as gender inequalities, and lack of access to family planning, have a negative impact on womens health. Encouraging gender equality, development and ascertainment of womens reproductive health services and the elimination of impediment to womens economic and educational contribution is essential to promote public health. Gender equality Gender disparities are a chief reason of disproportion in health status, including health care. Gender differentiations are evident in disease prevalence; access to preventive care; and reproductive health. Promotion of gender equality in other sectors can influence health status and have reinforced public health outcomes (Robinson par. 9). Unfortunately, there remains a considerable disparities among recognized allegiance to gender equality in reproductive health services within the United States and abroad. The foremost cause of death and disease in women globally age 15-44 are reproductive health issues. Globally, inadequacies in family planning access contribute to the chief aspect regarding the 76 million unplanned pregnancies each year; nearly 20 million result in unsafe abortions, and attributing to nearly 70,000 deaths yearly. In emergent countries, the primary reason of death and impairment among women of reproductive age is pregnancy and childbirth complexities. Less than a quarter of married women use contraception in Africa. Females contribute to half the people infected with HIV-nearly 100 percent live in emergent countries (United Nations, Reproductive Health Factsheet). Cultural and societal customs regarding reproductive health contribute to the variations among womens and mens health status. Acknowledgment of the dynamic gender roles and associations reliant on social perspectives where cultural, religious, economic, and political positions are mutual are necessary to promoting gender equality in healthcare. Gender customs and discrimination within the United States, in addition to policies and laws influence womens access to health services and education can have a significant effect on womens reproductive health and their interrelated human rights (Germain, Reproductive Health and Human Rights 66). It is imperative to acknowledge the significant health outcomes attributed to a womans capability of autonomy in controlling health and health decisions. The ability for a woman to have control over when and how many children she has is crucial to increasing womens economic abilities. Family planning Family planning occupies the use of contraception to control the amount of children and intervals between births. An effective analysis of reproductive health allows women to establish informed decisions about their reproductive health and welfare (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 45-48). Family planning also encourages the preservation of womens freedoms and protects their health by precluding unplanned pregnancies and decreasing womens vulnerability to the health risks (Koop, Pearson, and Schwartz 190-191). All women should have the freedom to determine unconditionally and conscientiously the amount and proportion of children to have and to be able to acquire the education and information required to realize this right. Services include access to contraceptives, education, legal abortion, sexually transmissible infection (STI) screenings and treatment, pregnancy testing and counseling. In many parts of the world, including the U.S., these services remain unavailable. For example, betwee n 1994 and 2001, impecunious women had increased number of unplanned pregnancies, rates of abortion, and unintended births contrary to more affluent women. Low-income women are less likely to use contraceptives, thus increasing the incidence of STIs and abortion (Finer and Henshaw 95). High-quality family planning and the highest medical care aim to reduce abortion rates. Prohibiting access to superior reproductive health services and education amplifies the rate of abortion. Reproductive health and human rights and social and economic development. Population health is necessary for continuing economic advancement and overcoming poverty (Novick, Morrow, and Mays 20-24). Men and women should have a fundamental right to health and welfare, but significant infringements and disparities in health determinants and healthcare access continue to exist (Germain, Reproductive Health and Human Rights 65). In the United States, numerous relations among poverty and sexual and reproductive behavior exist. Being disadvantaged is related to first intercourse acts at an earlier age; less constancy with or no contraceptive usage; and reduced rationale to evade childbearing and rearing (Gruskin 1737). The prevalent concern is to surmount social cultural barriers and initiate family planning courses and assistances to women and girls. Supporting and promoting womens reproductive rights and encouraging family planning, enhances economic circumstances of women and families. Violence and discrimination against women continue to negatively impact the ir United States economy. The collaboration between public health and human rights transforms social and political structures that prevent women from fulfilling their highest human potential. The theory of a complex association between health and human rights has outcomes. Health professionals may supply beneficially to public acknowledgment of the remuneration and expenses related to the realization in respect of human rights and dignity. Public health may encumber human rights. In the name of public health, gross misapplication of private health status information can, consequently, aid in harming individuals and violating rights. Mann et al. explains that mishandling of HIV information has resulted in limitations on human rights in such areas as marriage and family, education and work, and freedoms (14). When vital public health problems are delineated on the basis of religion, national origin, or sex, health issues of prioritization may cause bias and are assigned inferior precedence. Additionally, discrimination may arise when health services fail to consider economic and socio-cultural impediments to their access. There are health effects consequent from human rights violations. The extent and scope of health consequences resultant from violation of rights and dignity continue to be disregarded. It is indisputable that human rights and dignity violations have poor effects on health. Recognition of these health influences connected with violations of rights and dignity can promote health and human rights fields (Mann et al. 17-19). For instance, the right to information may be violated when a woman seeks to attain a surgical procedure without appropriate procedural and health risk information available to her. Exploring the link between human rights and health is challenging. The most extensively established examination concentrates on higher socioeconomic status and enhanced health status. Lawrence Finer and Stanley Henshaw explain in the article, Disparities in Rates of Unintended Pregnancy In the United States, 1994 and 2001 that the rates of unplanned pregnancies have elevated among American women, the most prevalent populations being: women aged 18-24, low-income women, and minority women (91). The socioeconomic model generates escalating consequences that further increases the public health issues and human rights violations (Mann et al. 19-22). U.S. Healthcare Systems and Womens Reproductive Rights Public policy Public policy plays a role in womens reproductive rights in the United States. Most of the policy options are related to health care policies. Public health policies, programs and practices can burden human rights because reproductive and gender equity and equality are not analogous. Reproductive Rights are lawful rights and freedoms involving reproduction and reproductive health. The World Health Organization defines reproductive rights as the fundamental right of couples and individuals to choose without restraint and conscientiously the quantity and timing of their children. In addition, the rights also encompass the right to achieve the maximum paradigm of sexual and reproductive health and education/information devoid of inequity, force and aggression (World Health Organization, Reproductive Health.). According to the Center for Reproductive Rights in Report on the United States Compliance with Its Human Rights Obligations in the Area of Womens Reproductive and Sexual Health, a womans access to inclusive reproductive healthcare in the United States is not standardized or definite. The United States Constitution does not unequivocally defend the right to health and, consequently, healthcare is obtained through public and private sectors (par. 2). The United States is a new affiliate of the United Nations Human Rights Council. In the near future, the United Nations Human Rights Council will evaluate the United States adherence with the human rights responsibilities as declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the United Nations Charter; and international humanitarian law (Center for Reproductive Rights; Report on the United States Compliance). This relationship will influence United States public policy as it correlates to public health issues as it exemplifies the importance of freedoms and human rights afforded people in the United States, as well as in other nations. Medical Ethics and Reproductive Health Rights There are ethical principles involved with womens reproductive health rights. Essential to contemporary medical ethics is a value for patient autonomy and the basic principle of informed consent. Medical ethics deals with the selections by both medical professionals and patients and the responsibilities and commitments of medical professionals to their patients. In addition, medical ethics also comprises of choices developed by society, the allocation of supplies and health care access and the problems evolving from these. Four elemental principles are feasible in modern medical ethics are: respect for autonomy, the principle of beneficence, the principle of non-malfeasance, and the principle of justice. Autonomy is respected when persons are considered ethical representatives with functions and responsibilities and the aptitude to comprehend and formulate ethical conclusions. The principle of respect for autonomy gives the power for the freewill of all people. In addition, the principle of beneficence attempts to promote the good of the person by doing good; the principle of non-maleficence attempts to evade producing injury; and the principle of Justice considers all people comparatively equal (Harman 40; Key Ethical Principles). Modern medicine considers the medical professional and patient reciprocally united in the treatment decision making process. Respect for autonomy, informed consent and confidentiality are also important for ethical performance. Autonomy In health care, respect for patients autonomy is imperative. Occasionally, autonomy can clash with opposing principles of ethics, such as beneficence (Pozgar 360-361). Autonomy can be limited through the position of the capability to make decisions for oneself, as in the case of a person in a coma or severely brain injured person. The principles of human dignity and respect for people are embedded within autonomy. The principle of human dignity is the fundamental worth that resides in every human being. Respect for people as a principle purports that all people should be treated as capable as they are free and responsible people (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 69-70; Key Ethical Principles). Informed Consent In health care contexts, the rights to informed consent and confidentiality are influential to assure decisions are made under the patients own free will. The principle of informed consent gives every capable woman the rights and responsibilities to progress her own health (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 86; Key Ethical Principles). These rights oblige certain associated obligations upon health care providers. To obtain informed consent of the patient, healthcare providers are obligated to divulge information of anticipated treatments and their alternatives, and they must revere her right to treatment refusal. In addition, healthcare providers are obligated to maintain privacy to permit the patient to make private decisions independent of others, including healthcare providers and family (Pozgar 278-279). Informed consent is an issue of determination. The most important characteristic is that it is patient enabling therefore providing the patient the information she requires in order to make a logical decision for her healthcare needs to be met. Confidentiality In U.S. health care, confidentiality is regulated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Privacy Rule, and many state laws (Miller 440-446). Confidentiality is generally used for discussions that occur between medical providers and patients in the course of treatment and/ or consultation. Legally, medical providers cannot disclose patient-provider discussions. In turn, the health care provider has a duty to respect the patients trust and keep sensitive medical information confidential (Miller 447-450; Pozgar 267-268). This necessitates the health care provider to respect the patients privacy by inhibiting others access to the patients private health care information thus, producing a trusting atmosphere supporting patient candidness with the health care provider. Technology and Challenges Unique to the U.S. and Developed Countries Technological Advances Technological advances play a role in womens reproductive rights in the United States. Reproductive technology includes contemporary and projected uses of technology for human reproduction, including facilitated reproductive technology, such as in-vitro fertilization; contraception; and abortion. The principles of integrity and totality assert that the wellbeing of the total person should be recognized when determining technology or therapeutic intervention usage (Harman 40; Key Ethical Principles). Assisted Reproductive Technology In the U.S., there has been an increase in assisted reproductive technology (ART). In the United States, the first baby conceived through ART was born in 1982. Each year since, there has been a remarkable increase in the amount ART procedures performed, from 64,681 to 134,260 between 1996-2005 (Wright et al. 9). Assisted reproductive technologies pertain to a number of alternatives to assist a woman in becoming pregnant (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 305). Because assisted reproductive technology procedures are very costly and invasive, they are frequently employed as a final recourse for conception. These medical procedures, when employed, are frequently used along with more conservative treatment to amplify the success of the procedure. Assisted reproductive technology methods include in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) (Wright et al 3-5). Donor egg or embryo and surrogacy are also considered forms of assisted reproductive technology (Cook, Dickens, and Fathalla 305-307). Recently there has been an increase in assisted reproductive technologies and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in particular. In-vitro fertilization is the method where the ovum is fertilized by sperm outside the womb or in vitro. The fertilized ovum is then relocated to the womans uterus with the intention of producing a pregnancy. In-vitro fertilization is the principal remedy in infertility to other unsuccessfully facilitated reproductive technology approaches. There are examples of womens health rights being violated with in-vitro fertilization. Women who are single, overweight, or of significant age past child bearing years may be denied the same rights as a married, normal weight, younger woman. Contraceptives Contraception is the utilization of a variety of techniques to inhibit pregnancy as well as thwarting sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While, for the most part, the United States exemplifies elevated concentrations of contraceptive use as a method to prevent pregnancy, it is not uniformly dispersed within the United States. Certain populations, mainly urban and rural communities, contraceptive alternatives are restricted and access is complex, ensuing an unrealized necessity for contraceptive technology. (Guttmacher Institute, Facts on Contraceptive Use in the United States). In spite of evolvement of contraceptive technologies, method selection is individual. Classification of contraceptive technologies is based on the length of defense. These classifications are permanent, long-term, and short-term methods. Permanent methods of contraception have a very high success rate and include male (vasectomy) and female sterilization (tubal ligation). Both procedures are invasive and increase the risks of infection and other health complications and do not prevent against HIV and STDs. Long-term methods, while not as invasive as permanent methods, also have a very high success rate. Intrauterine devices (IUD), oral contraceptives, and hormonal injections are forms of long term contraceptive methods. This method, like permanent methods, can increase the risk of health complications and do not prevent against HIV and STDs. Short-term methods of contraception are to some extent less successful than long-term and permanent methods. Short-term contraceptives methods include condoms, spermicides, vaginal barriers, and emergency contraceptive pills. While side effects of this method are fewer than previously mentioned methods, only the condom prevents conception and HIV and STDs simultaneously when used appropriately (Guttmacher Institute, Facts on Contraceptive Use in the United States). Access to reliable, safe contraceptives is an essential component of a womans reproductive health and public health as a whole, with significant emphasis on the aspect of reproductive rights. It is imperative for healthcare providers to emphasize confidentiality and empower the womans autonomy regarding decisions about contraceptive methods. Abortion Abortion is a pregnancy that does not result in a birth (Pozgar 309). Therapeutic and elective abortions are the most common types of abortions in the United States. Therapeutic abortions are executed when there are fetal anomalies or when pregnancy endangers the mothers health. Elective abortions are the intended disruptions of pregnancy for basis exclusive of fetal irregularities or maternal threat. These types of abortion to end unintentional pregnancies are not uncommon (Guttmacher Institute, Facts on Induced Abortion). Access to reliable, legal abortion is a fundamental element of a womans reproductive health and an important factor of reproductive rights (Germain, Womens Health 193). Women must have significant procedure accession where abortion is legal. In the U.S. Supreme Courts 1973 Roe v. Wade decision, the constitutional entitlement to abortion was acknowledged but failed to give women attainment to abortion services because of the escalating amount of limitations. Consequently, numerous state laws constrain a womans ability to obtain an abortion thus increasing the number of illegally obtained abortions. These laws are intended to make it more complicated for an abortion to be attained. A womans capability to access abortion services is additionally threatened by public persecution of abortion providers and confines on federal and private resources has produced a scarcity of services (Center for Reproductive Rights, Report on the United States Compliance par. 16-23; Guttmacher Institute, Fa cts on Induced Abortion). A resolution cannot ensue without corroboration for alteration. A considerable portion of the issues with womens health are mortality of mothers in addition to the fetus due in part to little education and little or no maternal health care available. Conclusion The association of human rights with regards to womens reproductive health in the United States is a significant public health issue. The overall importance of womens health and human rights is to advance the health of women and girls throughout the lifetime. Future optimal balance should be negotiated between public health goals and womens health and human rights approaches. The extensive historical impact of womens health and human rights emphasizes the need for endorsement and defense of health through respecting; protecting and fulfilling of womens human and health rights that are inextricably linked. It is imperative for public health officials and law makers to understand the serious health consequences and implications of defiance of womens health and human rights can have. The creation of universal health policies and programs to promote womens health and human rights in their design can facilitate the support of rights to autonomy, participation, privacy, and information in health care. Finally, susceptibility to illness can be abridged by adopting measures to appreciate, defend and accomplish human rights through autonomy from inequity of race, sex, and gender roles, as well as a fundamental right to health, nutrition, and education. The focal point for womens health issues is to remedy the inequities in research, health care services, and education that have positioned the womens health in danger. By organizing womens health research, health care services, and public policy new programs and ideas required to advance womens health in the United States and internationally can increase (Gruskin, Reproductive and Sexual Rights). Expansion of improved womens health practices by recognizing and duplicating thriving womens health programs, advancement of public health education by expanding the involvement of women and girls in health education courses, and increasing access to womens health services by involving professionals, such as health care professionals and public health officials, on womens health issues will attempt to close the disp

Human Nature in Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Human Nature in Lord of the Flies Good morning/afternoon Mrs. Visser and class, I will be speaking about human nature and what it means to be human. Now what does it truly mean to be human and what makes us human? The main thing about humanity is we see ourselves as superior to nature and the animals in it. We see this in Lord of the Flies when the boys first land on the island. Even though there are animals and plants on the island they disregard it and claim the island as their own. Now what would make man superior to nature, his ability to think? To alter his surroundings to make his life easier? Arrogance or how about that it is how it is always been? Man seems to try and force his views upon others, through different means. Jack for example uses fear and manipulation to control his tribe, while Ralph hung onto the values he was taught in society. Now behind Ralph was piggy, who in the novel represented man’s knowledge and civilized man’s ideals. He was the one Ralph turned to when he was in doubt about what he must do, about what the civilized thing to do would be. Behind Jack was Rodger who represented the savagery and nature instinct that a human has to survive. Simon represented the spirituality and nature in the book. Simon is also one of those that seek the truth. When the beast is mentioned, he was the first and only person until later on to suggest that the beast was human’s. He was the first person to see that the beast was an internal thing. People like Simon who seek the truth soon find that they are not accepted in society. Simon was laughed at when he suggested that the beast was internal. It is in human nature to try and blame something else for our mistakes. This separates him and makes him an outsider as it is in human nature not to accept the truth. Later on when he finds out who and what the beast is, all the boys help to attack and kill him. This shows that it is in human nature to reject the truth as a lie or even insanity. When Simon dies it shows the death of spirituality and a foreshadowing of what the inherit evil in man will do to nature later on. The inherit evil in man is represented by in the following ways by the following people: